When a child struggles to follow directions, confuses words that have similar sounds, or seems distracted in loud places, parents may wonder if hearing loss is the issue. But in some situations, the problem may not be with the ears at all: It could be a condition called auditory processing disorder (APD).
Even though hearing loss and Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) often present with comparable signs, they are distinct conditions that necessitate unique analyses and treatments. Below, we’ll break down the main differences to help you support your child’s unique needs.
Understanding Hearing Loss: A Definition.
Hearing loss describes a reduced ability to sense sound, often a result of problems in the outer, middle, or inner ear.
Three key classifications:
- Conductive hearing loss: Caused by blockages or damage in the outer or middle ear (including ear infections or wax accumulation)
- Sensorineural hearing loss: Happens when there is damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve, which is commonly caused by factors such as aging, exposure to loud noise, or hereditary predisposition
- Combination hearing loss: A mix of both outer/middle ear and inner ear issues
Doctors usually diagnose patients by carrying out tests including audiograms, auditory brainstem response testing (ABR), and acoustic emission testing. When a child experiences hearing loss, the problem is with their capacity to perceive sound at all.
What Does Auditory Processing Disorder Mean?
In contrast, APD is not associated with hearing problems, but instead a neurological issue that impacts the brain’s ability to process and understand auditory information. Children with Auditory Processing Disorder may have normal hearing, but they struggle to interpret and understand the sounds they hear.
It’s commonly referred to as “perceiving sounds without grasping their meaning.”
Common challenges faced in everyday scenarios:
- Difficulty understanding and carrying out verbal directions consisting of numerous steps
- Trouble distinguishing similar sounds or words
- Having trouble focusing in noisy settings (such as schools or busy eateries)
- Having trouble understanding humor, irony, or expressions that aren’t meant to be taken literally
Because the ears are working normally, a conventional hearing test may come back revealing no problems. However, it does not mean that everything is operating correctly. In Auditory Processing Disorder, the problem occurs not with hearing the sound itself, but rather with how the brain interprets and processes the sound after it has been detected.
Distinguishing Between Testing and Diagnosis
Audiologists utilize standard auditory evaluations to identify hearing impairments by evaluating an individual’s ability to sense sound. Diagnosing APD, on the other hand, calls for specialized testing that exceeds detecting sound.
Evaluations frequently involve a multidisciplinary team, including:
- An audiologist to assess auditory processing capabilities
- A specialist in speech and language to assess understanding and expression skills
- A psychologist should be consulted to identify any hidden attention or learning disorders that may imitate the symptoms of Auditory Processing Disorder (APD)
Approaches for Treatment and Assistance
Treatment options for children with hearing loss diagnosis:
- Hearing aids
- Cochlear implants
- Assistive listening devices
- Medical or surgical interventions
Support for Children with APD Diagnosis Usually Includes:
- Speech-language therapy
- Classroom accommodations (e.g., seating changes, written instructions)
- Environmental modifications to reduce background noise
- Auditory processing therapy
Some Concluding Thoughts About Hearing Loss vs. APD
It’s essential to differentiate between hearing loss and auditory processing disorder in order to provide your child with the most reliable support and accommodations. If your child seems to have a hard time listening but their hearing test is normal, don’t stop there. The real problem might only be identified by more in-depth assessments. Children with the proper diagnosis and customized treatment approach can succeed academically, in their home environment, and in various other aspects of their lives.
For more information, give us a call.
Sources:.
About Hearing Loss in Children|Hearing Loss in Children|CDC.
Auditory processing disorder (APD)– Symptoms and causes– Mayo Clinic.
Auditory Processing Disorder vs. Hearing Loss: Key Differences.
Understanding the Differences: Auditory Processing Disorder vs. Hearing Loss|Hearing.
Associates of Las Vegas.
Auditory Processing Disorder (for Parents)|Nemours KidsHealth.